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My research asks the following questions: What are the ramifications of male dominance in positions of power? Do they adequately address the concerns of women constituents? How do electoral quotas influence the trajectory of political careers for underrepresented groups? Which subgroups derive the greatest benefits from quota implementation? How do voters respond to the introduction of quotas, and what factors shape their reactions? I theorize and offer causal evidence on the consequences of inequitable political representation and the role of quotas in remedying disparities in political inequality. Through a combination of observational and experimental data spanning various levels ranging from legislatures to voters, my research examines quotas (or lack thereof) from multiple perspectives using a range of methodological approaches. My research demonstrates that while there is a risk of neglecting policy issues faced by underrepresented groups in legislative spaces, indicating the need for institutionalizing quotas, quotas can have asymmetric effects on citizens’ political behavior. Quotas can bridge gaps in political participation by demobilizing dominant groups while simultaneously mobilizing underrepresented groups. However, their repercussions extend beyond the realm of politics and have implications for intergroup relations. Thus, my research highlights the nuances of political representation and examines the effects of quotas on governance structures and political behavior. My dissertation comprises three distinct yet interconnected empirical chapters, all situated within the context of India. Overall, this dissertation offers lessons not only for those interested in Indian politics but also for everyone seeking to understand the role of quotas in addressing political inequality.